Gener



D. H. LEE

CODE TYPER Sept. 4, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed 00b. 19, 1955 INVENTOR.

DONALD H. LEE

ATTORNEYS p 4, 1962 D. H. LEE Re. 25,235

CODE TYPE'R g n l Filed Oct. 19, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 55%??3'1 "f TONE I Fig 2 my: GENERATOR 35 39 l I 33 i 3| FLIP-FLOP ga 5 g? "$743555 w MAGNETIC MORSE CODE LEVEL REFERENCE LEVEL BINARY l l l 0 CODE INVENTOR.

DONALD H. LEE

BY fipamw ATTORNEYS United States atent' thee 25,235 CODE TYPER Donald H. Lee, Flushing, N.Y., assignor to Burroughs Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Original No. 2,810,785, dated Oct. 22, 1957, Ser. No.

541,365, Oct. 19, 1955. Application for reissue Jan.

16, 1959, Ser. No. 787,317

20 Claims. (Cl. 17879) Matter enclosed in heavy brackets appears in the original patent but forms no part of this reissue specification; matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

This invention relates to the field of communication of intelligence and more particularly to a method and instrumentality for transmitting code signals automatically by pressing the correct key on a typewriter-like keyboard.

When a human operator produces the successions of dots and dashes of code communications, there is a vulnerability to error from human fatigue and distraction. Additionally, each operator unconsciously adds his own physical characteristics to his keying so that skilled intercept operators can identify operators through their personal differences in keying. Such personal operator characteristics fingerprint the operator, permitting the receiver to identify the person sending the coded messages. This may be undesirable, particularly in military transmissions, where the enemy can use the distinctive sending style of an operator to identify the location of troop units.

Furthermore, in prior art devices that do employ means for automatically transmitting coded signals utilizing a typewriter-like keyboard, filament-heated vacuum tubes are employed as the means for storing and transmitting the coded signals. The disadvantages of vacuum tubes, such as their inability to retain information in the event of power failure, their reliance on high power consumption to store and transmit information, and the added problem of cooling the filament-heated tubes, make them undesirable as elements in a code transmitter, particularly where reliability and long-life of the transmitter are desirable.

The present invention relies upon rectangular hysteresis loop materials, such as certain nickel-iron alloys molybdenum permalloys, and ferrites, as storage elements in a code transmitter utilizing a typewriter-like keyboard and carriage. The reliance upon such rectangular hysteresis loop materials as storage elements will result in attaining a more efiicient, more compact, and more reliable codetyper than was heretofore attained. How the use of such rectangular hysteresis loop characteristic materials attains these ends will be unfolded as the invention is more specifically described hereinafter.

It is an object of this invention to provide a code typer which automatically transmits a coded signal when the operator presses the correct key on the typer, said coded signal being transmitted in a manner determined by the parameters of the transmitter and not by the personal touch of the transmitter.

A further object is to provide a code transmitting machine utilizing materials having rectangular hysteresis loop characteristics, such as bistable magnetic cores, in a novel and unusual manner, so as to attain advantages in such a machine heretofore unrealized.

Yet another object is toprovide a code machine which may have particular utility as a means for teaching standard codes, such as the International Morse, or Continental Code, to beginners, yet not require skilled personnel as instructors.

In accordance with the teaching of the present invention, the storage devices will consist of magnetic cores of the type disclosed in pp. 49-54 of the January 1950 of Static magnetic storage and delay line by An Wang and Way Dong Woo. The aforementioned article by An Wang and Way Dong Woo disclose the feasibility of using magnetic cores with a rectangular hysteresis loop as information storage elements wherein the information to be stored can be represented in binary form. The binary digit one state is stored as a positive residual flux whereas the binary digit zero state is stored as a residual flux in the opposite direction. When a negative field is applied to the core in order to interogate the latter so as to determine the state of the core, a large voltage is induced in an output winding associated with the core ii the core were in its one state, and a negligible voltage is induced in such output winding if the core were in its zero state.

The negligible induced voltage obtained when a core in its zero state is driven further towards its zero state is a noise pulse, such noise voltage pulses being of lesser amplitudes as the cores attain a more rectangular hysteresis loop.

The outputs obtained from the bistable magnetic cores of a magnetic shift register are in the form of voltage pulses, and means must be provided for converting such voltage pulses to DC. voltage levels, since D-.C. levels as distinct from the presence or absence of a voltage pulse, can be more readily converted to the dot-dash audible signals that are employed in the transmission of coded messages. Means must also be provided to vary the speed at which such messages can be sent. How such means are provided and how the aforementioned objects are attained will become evident from consideration of the following description of an illustrative embodiment of the invention, taken in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is a schematic electrical circuit of an embodiment of the codetyper device utilizing bistable magnetic cores as information storage elements;

FIGURE 2 is a diagram, in block form, of the components which comprise the magnetic memory codetyper;

FIGURE 3 is an electrical schematic of a portion of the magnetic shift register utilized for read-in and readout of coded signals in binary form;

FIGURE 4 is a detailed showing of a magnetic core of the shift register of FIGURE 3 and its associated windings;

FIGURE 5 is a symbolic representation of the conversion of the Morse code letter A notation to the binary code notation of that letter; and

FIGURE 6 expresses the International Morse or Continental Code in binary form.

Before describing in detail the magnetic memory codetyper, attention is drawn to FIGURE 2 of the drawings wherein is shown the invention broken down into four categories, namely, a coded input circuit 200, a memory storage and translation system 201, a control unit 202, and a coded output circuit 203. The input unit will comprise a keyboard 21 with an arrangement similar to a typewriter which will contain all the letters of the alphabet, numerals, common punctuation marks and special codes peculiar to telegraphy such as the error and the double dash. Such indicia are shown in the left hand column of FIGURE 6. The person operating the keyboard 21 will, upon depressing the appropriate key, store the corresponding binary coded Morse symbol in the proper cores of the magnetic memory 23.

The control unit 202 synchronizes the operation of the magnetic memory 23 with the operation of the keyboard 21 through a timing generator 25. The timing generator 25 not only synchronizes the entire electrical system of the codetyper but also permits variations in the speed of transmitting coded signals. It is seen that the timing generator 25 is coupled to current drivers 27 which supply a power pulses to the windings associated with the tgnetic storage cores of the magnetic memory unit 23. to output voltage signals from the magnetic memory it 23 are in the form of voltage pulses which are modid and shaped by a pulse-shaping circuit 29 before such tput voltage pulses are fed into output circuit 203. The lse-shaping circuit 29 will yield substantially unidirecnal pulses which operate a flip-flop 31, the outputs of .d flip-flop 31 serving to modify the audible signal proced by tone generator 33 or to modify the audible sig- 1 of the keyer 35. The amplifier 37 and speaker 39 a conventional self-explanatory elements in the coded tput circuit 203.

EMORY STORAGE AND TRANSLATION SYSTEM The basic memory cell in which will be stored the let- 's, numerals, punctuation marks, etc. in binary form shown in FIGURE 4 as a magnetic core 2 made of a romagnetic material such as a nickel-alloy, or a molybnum Permalloy. It is understood that core 2 could in the form of a rod or a printed ferromagnetic :ment and that any ferromagnetic material having a bstantially rectangular hysteresis loop could be substi- :ed for the core 2 shown. Wound about core 2 are sad-in] input winding [4,] 5, clearing or interrogation riding 6, and output winding 8. The conventional dot tation of such windings [4] 5 to 8 calls for a magnetic re 2 being switched to its one state if current enters the dotted terminal of a winding. Thus current entering nding [4] 5 in the direction of arrow 10 will switch tgnetic core 2 to its one state, whereas current entering winding through the dotted terminal of said winding, :h as winding 6, will switch the core associated with id winding to its Zero state. In FIGURE 3 there is shown a portion of the magnetic ift register which will store the coded indicia in binary rm. In order to introduce the appropriate Morse sym- 1 into a binary code, the push button 12 is depressed. re capacitor 14, which is normally charged to supply 'tential through resistor 16, dischargs into read-in nding 4 which threads through all the magnetic store cores 2. Since the symbol that is the longest rep- ;entation in code, for example, the comma, will require enty binary bits in order to be correctly represented, minimum of twenty storage cores is needed to adeately encompass the full range of indicia to be transtted. In the magnetic memory storage and translan unit, of which only a fragment is shown in FIGURE magnetic cores 2 are storage or delay means for nporarily storing the information read-out of an immettely preceding core 2 before transferring such inforltlOl'l to the next succeeding core 2. Thus, in the ample given in FIGURE 3, a depression of key 12 will use current to flow in read-in winding 4 in the direcn of arrow 18 so as to store a one, a Zero, and other zero in alternate adjacent cores. It is to be derstood that the depression of key 12 will effect more res 2 than are shown in the example set out in FIG- RE 3, but for the sake of simplifying the drawing only tee storage cores 2 and three companion delay cores are shown. Since the memory storage and translan system that is utilized in the instant codetyper inides forty bistable magnetic cores, the core 2 on the 3st extreme right of FIGURE 3 will be considered, for ustrative purposes, to be the fortieth core in the array, 2 core 2 immediately preceding said fortieth core is e thirty-ninth core, the one immediately to the left of at is the thirty-eighth core, etc. Initially all information is read-into the odd numbered agnetic cores by depression of the appropriate key 12. Kill stored binary information is then read out of the 'res by shifting the information to the right along adjant cores until the binary information is read out of the rift register to the coded output circuit 203. Such lifting of information is carried out by means of shift windings 6, wherein one group of shift windings is threaded through all the odd-numbered cores 2 and that group is associated with shifting pulses that emanate from source A. The second group of shifting pulses emanate from source B and are threaded through the even-numbered magnetic cores 2'. Sources A and B are generators of periodic or cyclic current pulses, occurring at different times, which enter bus lines 34 and 36 respectively, in the direction of arrows 38 and 40. Such periodic current pulses or interrogation pulses will cause current to flow through the bus lines 34 and 36 so as to enter the dotted terminal of each winding 6. Consequently any magnetic core that is in its one state will be switched to its zero state, and a magnetic core already in its Zero state will remain substantially unaffected by such interrogation pulses.

In the example set out in FIGURE 3, the depression of key 12 has caused a one to be stored in the thirtyninth core, a zero in the thirty-seventh core, and a zero in the thirty-fifth core. Almost as soon as the key 12 rises from its contacts 42, the interrogation pulses alternately course through bus lines 34 and 36 in order to interrogate such cores. Consequently, the passage of interrogation current through bus line 34 in the direction of arrow 38 will cause the one stored in the thirty-ninth core to be transferred to the fortieth core via the transfer loop 44 which couples the output winding 8 of the thirty-ninth core to the input winding [4] 5 of the fortieth core with a diode 46 so as to permit flow of information from left to right. The transfer is effected because the interrogation current switches the thirtyninth core to its Zero state. During this switching of the thirty-ninth core, an induced voltage is developed in the output winding 8 of the thirty-ninth core of such polarity that a current of sufiicient amplitude to switch the fortieth core to its one state flows around transfer loop 44 in the low forward impedance direction of the diode 46.

The zero in the thirty-seventh core is transferred to the thirty-eighth core via the transfer loop coupling such cores and the zero in the thirty-fifth core is transferred to the thirty-sixth core via their associated transfer loop, although such transfer is in reality the absence of an output pulse from the thirty-seventh core. At some instant later, interrogation pulses B cause current to flow in bus line 36 in the direction of arrow 40 so as to switch the even-numbered cores to the next adjacent odd-numbered core in the array. In order to prevent the Stored information from being shifted prematurely or before the key 12 has moved away from contacts 42, the current flowing into read-in windings 4 is made sufficiently large to override the effects of the periodic interrogating pulses that are cyclically causing current flow alternately through windings 6.

It is also noted that when current is flowing through the dotted terminal of a clearing winding 6, such as in the clearing winding 6 of the thirty-ninth core, not only is a voltage induced in the output winding 8 of the thirty-ninth core when the latter switches, but a voltage is also induced in the input winding [4] 5 of such core. The voltage induced in winding [4] 5 'would cause current to flow. through the transfer loop to the left of the thirty-ninth core into the undotted terminal of the output winding of the thirty-eighth core. Such reverse or backward flow of information is undesired and can be overcome by controlling the number of turns for each winding on each core. In the instant case, in order to avoid such spurious transfer of information, the number of turns on the output winding .8 of a core should exceed the number of turns on the input winding [4] 5 of the next adjacent core. An exemplary number of turns would be seven turns for input [or read-in] winding [4,] 5, nineteen turns for interrogation winding 6, and twentyfive turns for output winding 8.

CODE INPUT CIRCUIT In Morse code, indicia are represented by various combinations of dot and dash signals. A dash is equal to three dots in time duration and the spacing between the signals forming the same letter is equal to the time duration of one dot. Thus, as is shown in FIGURE 5, the Morse code representation for the letter A is a dot and a dash and an interval between the dot and the dash equal to the time it takes to make a dot. Thus the letter A requires five time intervals for its representation in Continental or International Morse Code and the letter I, being composed of a dot followed by three dashes, requires thirteen time intervals for its representation.

Since the output signals from a magnetic shift register memory are in the form of voltage pulses instead of D.C. levels, such voltage pulses must be modified to put them into useable form. The binary coding system is based on a change in level, i.e., a one exists wherever there is a change in D.C. level and a zero exists wherever there is no change in level. Consequently, the letter A, represented in Morse code as a do-t-space-dash would be represented in the binary code as two changes in D.C. level for the dot, and the dash is represented H by a change in D.C. level, followed by no changes in D.C. level for two time intervals, and'a change in D.C. level for the fifth time interval. Essentially a dot would be represented by the binary code 11 and a dash by the binary code 1001. As is seen in FIGURE 6, the C is represented in binary code by 100d 11 100 1 11, and the letter S, three dots in the International Morse or Continental code, is represented by the combination 111111 in binary code. The manner in which the information cores 2 are threaded with read-in winding 4 is dictated by the binary-coded Morse, with reading-in taking place from the 39th storage core to the 1st storage core, and information being read-in by depression of the appropriate push-button 12. As is seen in the code table of FIGURE 6, the letter B requires only two cores, the 39th and 37th, for its entry into the magnetic shift register whereas the comma requires the employment of all the available storage cores for its entry into the magnetic shift regiser. It is evident that an even number of cores 2 are required for storing a character or symbol, two cores for a dot and four cores for a dash.

CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR SHIFT REGISTER Once the desired character or symbol has been se lected, it is necessary to translate the binary-coded input into changes in D.C. level and to utilize these changes in D.C. level to produce the universally recognizable dotdash sounds of Morse code.

FIGURE 1 shows the electrical circuitry for carrying out such translation. A power supply for the magnetic code-typer will comprise an A.C. source of electrical energy 48 which is stabilized by voltage regulator tube 50 when switch S2 is closed. The regulated A.C. supply is transformer coupled to a conventional voltage doubler circuit 53 via transformer 54. Two filament transformers 56 and 58 are connected to a low voltage A.C. supply 60 for supplying heating current to voltage regulator tube 50 as well as to the half-wave rectifier tubes 62 and 64 in the voltage doubler circuit 53.

The output voltage of the voltage doubler circuit 53 is applied through conductor 66 to the grids of thyratron tubes 68 and 70. The thyratrons 68 and 70 are biased so as to be extinguished, but each becomes conductive when a trigger pulse is applied to the grid 72 of tube 68 or grid 74 of tube 70. When tube 68 conducts, driving current passes through interrogation windings 6 associated with the odd-numbered cores 2 in the magnetic shift register. Such driving current would form the A current pulses that simultaneously drive the oddnumbered cores 2 to their zero states in the process of shifting information to the right along the magnetic shift register. In a similar manner, when tube conducts, driving current pulses forming the B current pulses flow through the interrogation windings 6 associated with the even numbered cores [2'] 2' in order to continue the process of shifting information along to the right in the magnetic shift register. The A and B interrogation pulses appear at different times because information must be extracted from a core before new information is read into the core. The even-numbered cores 2 provide the necessary delay in the process of advancing information from one core to another. The twosets of interrogation pulses A and B provide the proper alternation of reading out information stored in the odd-numbered cores to the even-numbered cores using the A current pulses, and the subsequent reading out of such transferred information from the even-numbered cores to the odd-numbered cores using the B set of interrogation current pulses.

In order for the stored binary information to advance properly, the duration and amplitude of the interrogation pulses A and B must be controlled. This control is realized with the aid of a delay line 71 whose capacitors 73 are charged to full supply potential through inductances 74 and isolation resistor 76 when thyratron 68 is not conducting. When a trigger pulse is applied to grid 72 to override the cut-off bias of thyratron 68, tube 68 conducts. Since the internal impedance of thyratron 68 is very low compared with that of isolating resistor 76, the capacitors 73 of delay line 71 discharge through the interrogation windings 6 wound about the odd-numbered cores of the shift register. At the instant that thyratron 68 fires, the delay line circuit is momentarily terminated by the impedance of the shift windings 6 and resistor 76. A wave starts down the delay line 71 and is reflected Without inversion at the open end 7 8 of the delay line 71. When the reflected wave reaches the input end 8020f the delay line 71, the capacitors 73 are completely discharged, extinguishing the thyratron 68. Therefore, the time required for the capacitors 73 to discharge completely is twice the delay interval of delay line 71. Accordingly, the duration and amplitudeof the driving current pulses A are controlled respectively by the delay and impedance of delay line 71. After thyratron 68 is extinguished, the capacitors 73 are again charged through resistor 76 and inductances 74 in preparation for the next cycle of operation. In like manner, a delay circuit '77 cooperates with thyratron 70 to produce the B set of controlled driving current pulses for interrogating the even-numbered magnetic cores 2'.

The delay lines 71 and 77 for thyratron drives 68 and 70 have been designed, in one working: embodiment, to generate a driving current pulse of approximately fifteen microseconds in duration. The terminating resistors 76 and 79 are chosen to have a value about onethird that of the characteristic impedance of their corresponding delay line so that the reflected wave tha reaches the plate of the thyratron should cause the plate to momentarily actually swing negative with respect tc its cathode so as to further assure the rapid extinctior of the thyratron.

Besides controlling the amplitude and duration of th( driving current pulses A and B, it is desirable to contro the frequency of such current pulses for a given tim interval. Such control is realized by employing a tim ing generator 25 which comprises two triodes 82 am 84 connected to operate as a free-running multivibrator where conduction of tube 82 is accompanied by cut-oi of tube 84, and vice versa. The flip-flop effect of th free-running multivibrator is utilized to alternately trig ger thyratrons 68 and 70. Grid 72 of tube 68 is cou pled via capacitor 86 to the plate of triode 82 wherea grid 74 of tube 70 is coupled via capacitor 88 to the plat of triode 84. How often thyratrons 68 and 70 ar fired is determined by the frequency at which the free running multivibrator operates. Such frequency, in turn, "s determined by the RC time constants in the grid cirzuits of triodes 8 2 and 84. Since resistors 88 and 90 and capacitors 92 affect the RC time constant of the grid :ircuits for the multivibrator, one changes the time con- :tant by varying the resistance of resistors 88 through novement of potentiometer arm 94.

Consequently it is seen how delay lines 71 and 77 are :mployed to vary the duration and amplitude of the nterrogation pulses A and B that are alternately applied binary storage cores 2 and 2', and how the timing ;enerator 25 is employed to vary the speed of such interogation pulses, which in turn determines the speed at which the binary-input code is read out of the magnetic hift register.

CODED OUTPUT CIRCUIT In FIGURE 1, the output voltage pulses that appear cross the output winding 8 of the fortieth binary core re fed into that portion of the codetyper which must JJIVBIII such output voltage pulses into the sequential ot-dash audible signals of Morse code. Whenever the )rtieth core is in its one state prior to being inter- )gated by a clock or interrogating pulse from the B ro-up of clock pulses, a negative pulse appears across 1e output winding 8. If the fortieth core were in its zero state when it was being interrogated, a negligible )ise pulse will appear across the output winding 8. no normally types words at a rate of 100 words per inute because such speed is consonant with the speed which one can receive Morse code. But by the selec- )n of the proper driving circuit for the magnetic cores, 1e can attain a speed of the order of 100,000 words minute. Consequently there will be no overlapping signals being transmitted by the codetyper because the cod of read-out of information in the cores is of the tier of 1000 times the speed of keying information into 5 cores. Assume that the key 12 corresponding to the first letter of the alphabet has been depressed. As is seen in code table of FIGURE 6, the letter A is coded as 1001 in binary code. Thus the read-in winding 4 that in series with the key 12 that corresponds to letter A threaded through the odd-numbered storage cores 2 that a one is stored in the thirty-ninth core, a one the thirty-seventh core, a one in the thirty-fifth core, zero in the thirty-third core, a zero" in the thirtyt core, and a one in the twenty-ninth core. As long the A key is depressed, as was noted hereinbefore, readin current flowing through windings 4 overrides constantly recurring driving current that influences same cores through windings 6. As soon as pressure removed from key 12 so that contact with electrical ltacts 42 is broken, the interrogation pulses become mtive and the information, namely 111001, is read out the shift register. ts the binary word 111001 is read out of the shift lster, conductor 96 connected to a terminal of output .ding will carry, for six units of time, three successive ative pulses followed by two no pulse periods and ing with a negative pulse. By means of clipping ie 98 and gating diodes 100 and 102, flip-flop 31 is gered only in response to negative pulses appearing .onductor 96, or what is the same thing in substance, I by the presence of a one in the fortieth magnetic prior to interrogation of that core. As a result, y negative voltage pulse appearing at the output wind- 8 of the fortieth core will change the state of flip-flop Thus, for the letter A (111001), if stage S of the flop 31 is normally conducting, the first one of the ry code for the letter A will trigger stage S of the Flop 31 into conduction and cut off stage S The rd one triggers S into conduction but cuts off S third one reverses the states of the flip-flop 31 again by triggering S into conduction and cutting off 5 The two ensuing zero voltage pulses are negligible and they do not afiect the state of the flip-flop 31 so that S remains conductive and S is. cut off during the two zero periods. The occurrence of the last one as a negative pulse carried by conductor 96 returns stage S of flip-flop 31 to conductivity and cuts off stage S waveform 104 appearing at plate 106 of flip-flop 31 is a correct representation of the letter A. The corresponding D.C. level at grid 108 of stage S of flip-flop 31 is fed through conductor 110 and resistor 112 to the grid 114 of triode 116, so that the grid 114 bias varies in accordance With the dot-dash sequence of the Morse code.

The novel codetyper utilizes both an audible indicator of the indicia selected at the typewriter-like keyboard by the operator as well as a keyer for transmitting such selected indicia to another station. Triode 116 is in series with relay 118 and when grid 114 is driven positive by the positive excursions of plate 106 of flip-flop 31 triode 116 conducts to supply magnetizing current to relay 118. Keyer 35 is actuated by relay 116 and such keyer 35 can be readily connected to a conventional code transmitter.

Where it is desired to obtain an audible output of the Morse code, whose tone and volume can be controlled, a tone generator 33 comprising a tn'ode amplifier 120 and a twin-T plate-to-grid feedback network that includes fixed resistances 122, 124, and 126 and variable resistor 128 is employed. The pitch of the tone generator 33 is varied by varying the null frequency of said twin-T plate-to-grid feedback network. Such variation is readily attained by changing the value of variable resistor 128.

The tone generator 33 operates continuously and its output is coupled via triode amplifier 116 to output amplifier 37 so that the grid bias of output amplifier 37 varies in accordance with Morse code dot-dash sequences. Consequently such variations are transmitted to speaker 39 via the transformer coupling 130. The volume of tone generator 33 is varied by changing the value of variable resistor 132 that is in the grid 114 circuit of triode amplifier 116. If triode tube 116, which operates keyer 35, is connected to the wrong grid of flip-flop 31, the keyer 35 would become a normally on key instead of a normally 0 key. To assure that the keyer 35 is operated correctly, an R-C network comprising resistor 134 and capacitor 136 is placed in the plate 138 circuit of the Morse code-forming flip-flop 3-1 to create suificient unbalance in current flow through both stages 8 and S of the flip flop 31 so that one side, namely, stage S always conducts first whenever full plate voltage is applied to the flip-flop 31 after release of a push button 12. Therefore the voltage at the grid 140 of the companion stage 8; is of the correct level to bias the triode or keyer amplifier 116 to cut-01f until the flip-flop 31 is switched by the first bit of information shifted out of the fortieth core of the magnetic shift register.

An optional feature of the present codetyper would be a test circuit comprising push button 142 and indicating light 144, as shown in FIGURE 1, for testing whether or not signals from flip-flop 31 are being fed into the tone circuit 33 or relay 118 circuit.

It is understood that the above described invention will have keys, similar to typewriter keys, protruding from an enclosure that houses the timing generator 25, magnetic memory 23, flip flop 31 and other elements shown in FIGURES 1 and 2. The keys will be depressed by the person sending out coded messages. Controls for switching on power to the codetyper, for varying the speed of interrogating the information in the magnetic memory 23, or for varying the duration and amplitude of the interrogating pulses A and B, or for controlling the pitch and volume of the tone generator 33, or for testing the operation of certain components. of the codetyper, such as test button 142, will be on a panel or face The DC. level 9 of the enclosure within ready reach of the person trans mitting the coded mes-sage.

Accordingly, the present invention is a comp-act, rugged codetyper that can be employed either as a commercial transmitter or as an educational device for teaching Morse code to beginners without requiring a skilled operator to tap out the code.

What is claimed is:

l. A code typer for transmitting characters in coded form comprising an array of binary magnetic cores, keying means having a contactor for each character to be encoded, a winding associated with each contactor and threading a preselected group of cores in said array, means 'for supplying flux energy to said cores through said winding when said keying means is depressed to render said contactor electrically conductive so as to store either a one or a zero in each core of said preselected group, such character thus being represented in binary form in said array of cores, means for applying pulses to said array of cores for shifting said stored information along said array to produce output pulses corre sponding to the order in which said ones and zeros were stored in said cores, means for varying the amplitude of said shifting pulses, and means for converting said output pulses to a sequence of audible tones, said sequence of tones being representative of the character selected by depression of said keying means.

2. A code typer as defined in claim 1 including means for varying the duration of said shifting pulses.

3. A code typer for transmitting characters in coded form comprising an array of binary magnetic cores, keying means having a contactor for each character to be encoded, a winding associated with each contactor and threading a preselected group of cores in said array, means for supplying flux energy to said cores through said winding when said keying means is depressed to render said contactor conductive so as to store either a one or a zero in each core of said preselected group, such character thus being represented in binary form in said array of cores, means for shifting said information along said array to produce output pulses corresponding to the order in which said ones and zeros" were stored in said cores, the readout of a one producing an output voltage pulse whereas the read-out of a zero does not produce an output voltage pulse, a bistable multivibrator, means for applying said output voltage pulse to said multivibrator to produce a changing DC. level at an anode of said multivibrator, an amplifying circuit comprising a amplifier tube having a control grid, a tone generator producing audible signals in series with said amplifier, and means for applying said changing D.C. level to the grid of said amplifier tube to modify the audible signal.

4. A code typer for transmitting characters in coded form comprising an array of binary magnetic cores, keying means having a contactor for each character to be encoded, a winding associated with each contactor and threading a preseiected group of cores in said array, a first means for supplying flux energy to said cores through said Winding When said keying means is depressed to render said contactor electrically conductive so as to store either a one or a zero in each core of said preselected group, such character being represented in binary form in said array of cores, a second means for supplying flux energy for shifting said information along said array of cores, said second means being applied continuously to said array whereas said first means is applied only upon depression of said keying means, and means for supplying more flux energy to said cores via said first means than through said second means so that the shifting of stored information cannot begin until the keying means is withdrawn from said contactor.

5. A code typer for transmitting characters in coded form comprising :an array of binary magnetic cores, keying means having a contactor for each character to be encoded, a winding associated with each contactor and threading a preselected group of cores in said array, means for supplying flux energy-to said cores through said winding when said keying means is depressed to render said contactor conductive so as to store either a one or a zero in each core of said preselected group, such character thus being represented in binary form in said array of cores, meansyfor shifting said information along said array to produce output pulses corresponding to the order in which said 'ones and Zeros" were stored in said cores, a bistable multivibrator having two conductive stages, each stage comp-rising an anode, cathode and a grid, means for applying said output pulses to said bistable multivibrator, and an R-C delay circuit coupled to one stage of said bistable multivibrator whereby the first of said output pulses will always trigger the same stage of said multivibrator.

6. A code typer for transmitting characters in coded form comprising a first array of binary magnetic cores and a second array of binary cores forming part of a magnetic shift register, keying means having a contactor for each character to be encoded, a winding associated with each contactor and threading a preselected group of cores in said first array, means for supplying flux energy to said first array of cores through said winding when said keying means is depressed to render said contactor electrically conductive so as to store either a one or a zero in each core of said preselected group, such character being represented in binary form in said array of cores, means for shifting said information along said arrays of cores so as to sequentially transfer the information through said shift register, means for obtaining output signal pulses from said shift register corresponding to the order in which said ones and zeros were stored in said first array of cores, said last noted means being operative only when said keying means is withdrawn to render said contactor non-conducting, and means for converting said output signal pulses to a sequence of audible tones, said sequence of tones being representative of the character selected by the depression of said keying means.

7. A code typer for transmitting characters in coded form comprising an array of bistable magnetic cores; keying means having a contactor for each character to be encoded; a winding associated with each contactor and threading a preselected group of cores in said a1- ray; means for supplying flux energy to said cores through said Winding when said keying means is operated to render said contactor conductive thereby to store either a 1 or a 0 in each core of said preselected group, the character to be encoded thus being represented in binary form in said array of cores; means for shifting said information along said array to produce output pulses corresponding to the order in which said 1s and Os were stored in said cores, the read-out of a l producing an output voltage pulse and the read-out of a 0 producing no substantial output; a bistable multivibrator; means for applying'said output voltage pulses to said multivibrator to produce a changing D.-C. level at an anode of said multivibrator; an amplifying circuit comprising an amplifier tube having a control grid; a relay responsive to the changing D.-C. level at said anode of said multivibrator; and a transmitter actuable by said relay.

[8. A device for translating alphabetical, numerical and like characters into binary form, said device including a plurality of magnetic cores connected'electrically in series to form a row, each of said cores being capable of assuming either of two stable states; a separate contactor for each character to be translated; keying means for actuating said contactors successively; a separate read-in winding for each contactor, each of said read-in windings threading in unique manner a combination of cores in said row; means, effective when a :ontactor is actuated, for supplying current to the asociated read-in winding to place each \core threaded by aid winding in one or the other of its two stable states, hereby to form in said row a unique core-state pattern orresponding to the binary form of the particular char- .cter to be translated; and shift means, efiective beween successive contactor actuations, for shifting said tnique pattern serially out of said array toproduce a cries of output pulses representing in binary form a articular character] [9. In a device for translating alphabetical, numerical nd the like characters into coded form; a plurality of iagnetic cores serially coupled electrically to form a ow, each of said cores being capable of assuming either f two stable states; a separate conductor for each charcter to be encoded, each conductor threading in a nique manner a combination of said cores, each of said onductors being arranged, when energized, to apply a iagnet izing force to different ones of the cores of said am-bination to form in said row a unique core-state attern representing in coded form a particular character be translated; selector means for individually and iccessively energizing separate ones of said plurality E conductors; and shift means eflective between said lccessive energizat ions for shifting pulse signals in seal manner from said row, said pulse signals representtg in code form the character identified with the parcular conductor energized] [10. In a system for translating alphabetical, numerical id like characters into coded form, a plurality of storge devices serially coupled electrically to form a row, 1611 of said storage devices being capable of assuming ther of two stable states; a plurality of conductors tCh connecting ditferently a combination of said storge devices, each of said conductors being arranged, hen energized, to set each of the storage devices of l combination in one state or the other to form in said w a unique storage-state pattern representing in coded rm .a particular character to be translated; selector cans for individually energizing separate of said plu- 4 li-ty of conductors; and means effective following said tergization for shifting pulse signals in serial manr from said row, said pulse signals representing in de form the character identified with the particular nductor energized] 11. A device for translating alphabetical, num ericdl at like characters into binary form, said device includg a plurality of magnetic cores connected electrically series to form a row, an intermediate storage element ing interposed between each two adjacent cores in the w, each of said cores being capable of assuming either two stable states of magnetic remanence; a separate ntdctor for each character to be translated; keying cans for actuating said contactors successively; u seprzte read-in conductor for each contactor, each of said ud-in conductors threading in unique manner each of 2 cores in said row; means, eflective when a contractor actuated, for supplying current to the associated readconductor placing each of said plurality of cores in e or the other of its two remunent states, thereby to "m in said row a unique core-state pattern correspondto a binary coded form: of a particular character to translated; and shift means, efie'ctive between succese contactor actuations, for shifting said unique put- 'n serially through said cores and intermediate storage ments and out of said row to produce a series of outt pulses representing in binary coded form a particular zructer. 12. A device for translating alphabetical, numerical d like characters into binary form, said device includr a plurality of magnetic cores connected electrically series to form a row, each of said cores being capable assuming either of two stable states of magnetic ndnence; a separate contactor for each character to be nslated; keying means for actuating said contactors successively; a separate read-in conductor for each contdctor, each of said read-in conductors threading in unique manner a combination of cores in said row; means, efiective when a contdctor is actuated for supplying current to the associated read-in conductor placing each core threaded by said conductor in one or the other of its two remanent states, thereby to form in said row a unique core-state pattern corresponding to a binary coded form of the purticular character to be translated; shift means, efiective between successive contactor actuutions, for shifting said unique pattern serially out of said row to produce a series of output pulses representing in binary coded form a particular character; and means for converting said output pulses to a sequence of audible tones, said sequence of tones representing said particular character.

13. A device for translating alphabetical, numerical and like characters into binary form, said device including a plurality of magnetic cores connected electrically in series to form it row, each of said cores being capable of assuming either of two stable states of magnetic remunence; a separate contractor for each character to be translated; keying means for actuating said contactors successively; a separate read-in conductor for each con tctctor, each of said read-in conductors threading in unique manner a combination of cores in said row; meuns, efiectivc when a contuctor is actuated, for supplying current to the associated rettd-in conductor to place each core threaded by said conductor in one or the other of its two remunent states, thereby to form in. said row it unique core-state pattern corresponding to a: binary code'd form of a particular character to be translated; shift means, effective between successive contuctor actuations, for shifting said unique pattern serially out of said row to produce a series of output pulses representing in binary coded form a particular character; a tone generator for producing an audible signal; and means for intermodulating said audible signal with said output pulses to produce a sequence of audible tones, sdid sequence of tones being representative of said character.

14. A device for translating alphabetical, numerical and like characters into binary form, said device including a plurality of magnetic cores connected electrically in series to form at row, each of said cores being capable of assuming either of two stable states of magnetic remdnence; a separate contuctor for each character to be translated; o1 separate read-in conductor for each contactor, keying means for actuating said contuctors successively; each of said read-in conductors threading in unique manner at combination of cores in said row; means, efiective when a contactor is actuated, for supplying current to the associated read-in conductor to place each core threaded by said Winding in one or the other of its two remdnent states, thereby to form in said row ct unique core-state pattern corresponding toa." binary coded form of the particular character to be translated; and shift means, efiective between successive contuctor actuutions, for continuously applying shift pulses to said cores to shift said unique pattern serially out of said row to produce a series of output pulses representing in binary coded form a particular character; said read-in conductors being provided by said current supply means with sufiicient current to pluqe each of said cores in one of said states as determined by the manner in which said readin conductors are threaded among the cores, irrespective of the operation of said shift means.

15. A device as set forth in claim 14, wherein the current provided by said current supply means to each of said read-in conductors is sufiicient to override the efiect of the shift means and to place each of said cores in one of its remunent states of magnetization, even when said shift means is attempting to drive the core to its other stable state of magnetization.

16. A device for translating alphabetical, numerical and like characters into binary form, said device including a plurality of magnetic cores connected electrically in series to form a row, each of said cores being capable of assuming either of two stable states of magnetic remanence; a separate contactor for each character to be translatd; keying means for actuating said contactors successively; separate read-in conductors for each contactor, each of said read-in conductors threading in unique manner a combination of cores in said row; means, efiective when a contactor is actuated, for supplying current to the associated read-in conductor to place each core threaded by said winding in one or the other of its two remanent states, thereby to form in said row a unique core-state pattern corresponding to a binary coded form of the particular character to be translated; and shift means including a free-running oscillator for continuously supplying shifting pulses to the cores in said row to shift said unique pattern serially out of said row to produce a series of output pulses representing in binary coded form a particular character; and means for rendering said shifting pulses inefiective to shift the pattern while said keying means is actuating any of said contactors.

17. A device for translating alphabetical, numerical and like characters into dot-dash form, said device including a plurality of magnetic cores connected electrically in series to form a row, each of said cores being capable of assuming either of two stable states of magnetic remanence; a separate contactor for each character to be translated; keying means for actuating said contactors successively; a separate read-in conductor for each contactor, each of said read-in conductors threading in unique mam ner a combination of cores within said row; means, efieclive when a contactor is actuated, for supplying current to the associated read-in conductor to place each core threaded by said conductor in one or the other of its two remanent states, thereby to form in said row a unique core-state pattern corresponding to a binary coded form of a particular character to be translated; shift means, efiective between successive contactor actuations for shifting said unique pattern serially out of said row to produce a series of output pulses in binary coded form representing a particular character; and a bistable device connected to the output of said row and adapted to change its state upon the occurrence of each output pulse, thereby producing a dot-dash coded form of said character at an output of said bistable device.

18. A device for translating alphabetical, numerical and like characters into binary form, said device including a plurality of magnetic cores connected electrically in series to form a row, each of said cores being capable of assuming either of two stable states of magnetic remanence; a separate contactor for each character to be translated; keying means for actuating said contactor successively; a separate read-in conductor for each contactor, each of said read-in conductors threading in unique manner a combination of cores in said row; means, efiective when a contactor is actuated, for supplying current to the associated read-in conductor to place each core threaded by said conductor in one or the other of its two remanent states, thereby to form in said row a unique core-state pattern corresponding to a binary coded form of the particular character to be translated; shift means, efiective betweeen successive contactor actuations, for shifting said unique pattern serially out of said row to produce a series of output pulses representing in binary coded form a particular character; a bistable device; means for supplying said output pulses to said bistable device to produce a changing D.C. level at an output of said bistable device, said changing D.C. level being representative of said particular character; and a test circuit comprising a lamp and means electrically connecting said lamp to the output of said bistable device, said test circuit furnishing a visual indication of the signals produced at the output of said bistable device.

19. A device for translating alphabetical, numerical and like characters into a dot-dash coded form, said device comprising a shift register including a plurality of mag: netic cores, each of said cores being capable of assuming at least two stable states of magnetic remanence; a separate contactor for each character to be translated; keying means for actuating said contactors successively; a separate read-in conductor for each contactor, each of said conductors being adapted to set selected ones of said cores into one of said remanent states, so as to form in said shift register a unique combination of said cores being set in said one state, said unique combination being representative of a character to be translated; shift means, effective between successive contactor actuations for supplying shifting pulses to said shift register for shifting a train of time-spaced output pulses, corresponding to said unique combination, serially out of said shift register; said shift register producing output pulses indicative of a coded sequence of dots and dashes in a dot-dash representation of the character to be translated; a bistable multivibrator operatively associated with said shift register, said bistable multivibrator being operative to assume one stable state during dot and dash time periods, and the other of its stable states daring space periods between said dot and dash periods; and a relay connected to an output of said bistable device and operated thereby to assume one condition during said dot and dash intervals and to assume a second condition during said space intervals.

20. A device as set forth in claim 19, wherein said output pulses are indicative of the trailing edges of dots and dashes in a dot-dash representation of the character to be translated.

21. A device as set forth in claim 19, wherein said output pulses are indicative of the leading edges of dots and dashes in a dot-dash representation of the character to be translated.

22. A device as set forth in claim 19, wherein there is provided output means for generating an audio signal in response to said relay being caused to assume its said one condition during said dot and dash periods.

23. A device as set forth in claim 19, wherein said shift means comprises in combination a multivibrator, first means for transmitting to said shift register a first shift pulse whenever said multivibrator is in one of its states, and second means for transmitting to said shift register a second shift pulse whenever said multivibrator is in its other state.

References Cited in the file of this patent or the original patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,678,965 Ziffer et a1 May 18, 1954 2,704,842 Goodell et a1. a Mar. 22, 1955 2,816,156 Pawley et a1 Dec. 10; 1957 2,835,741 Vaughn May 20, 1958 

